California Penal Code 470 – Forgery

Overview

Forgery under Penal Code 470 PC involves knowingly falsifying a signature or document with the intent to defraud. This includes signing someone else’s name, altering a check, or fabricating legal or financial documents.

Forgery can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the circumstances and the value of the loss. In today’s digital and financial world, even seemingly minor forgery allegations can result in serious criminal consequences, job loss, or immigration problems.

At Jones Trial Attorneys, we defend clients facing forgery charges with aggressive strategy, early intervention, and smart negotiation—because your reputation and future are worth protecting.

Legal Definition

Under Penal Code § 470, a person commits forgery if they:

• Sign someone else’s name without permission,

• Alter or falsify a document,

• Make, pass, or attempt to pass a fake or altered document,

• With intent to defraud another person or institution.

Covered documents include checks, contracts, deeds, wills, driver’s licenses, and more.

Elements of the Crime

To prove forgery under PC 470, the prosecution must show:

1. You falsely made, altered, forged, or counterfeited a document or signature;

2. You intended to defraud someone; and

3. The item was legally significant (e.g., financial or official in nature).

Forgery does not require the victim to suffer actual loss—intent to defraud is enough.

Penalties for Forgery

Forgery is a wobbler offense, meaning it can be filed as a misdemeanor or felony depending on the facts and the accused’s record.

If the value is $950 or less and no prior disqualifying felonies:

• Typically charged as a misdemeanor

• Up to 1 year in county jail

• Fines up to $1,000

If the value exceeds $950 or the person has a disqualifying record:

• May be charged as a felony

• 16 months, 2 years, or 3 years in county jail

• Fines up to $10,000

Defenses to PC 470 Charges

Forgery charges often turn on intent and authenticity. Common defenses include:

• Lack of intent to defraud – You did not intend to deceive or cause loss

• Consent – You had permission to sign or alter the document

• False accusation – Someone else forged the document, or the evidence is insufficient

• Mistake of fact – You reasonably believed you had authority to act

Immigration and Employment Consequences

Forgery is considered a crime involving moral turpitude and may lead to:

• Deportation or denial of naturalization

• Revocation of professional licenses (especially in finance or law)

• Permanent barriers to employment involving trust or financial responsibility

Related Offenses

• PC 484 – Theft

• PC 476 – Check Fraud

• PC 475 – Possession of Forged Documents

• PC 530.5 – Identity Theft

How Jones Trial Attorneys Can Help

Forgery charges can be complex, paper-heavy, and intimidating. We act fast to analyze the evidence, negotiate early resolutions, or prepare for trial if needed. Whether you’re facing a bounced check case or a serious financial allegation, we have the tools and tenacity to defend you.

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